Confessional Fluidity and the Byzantine Inheritance In Ruthenia, La Maison française, Oxford, November 24, 2017
In the late 16th and 17th centuries, the Ruthenian lands—the former southern and western medieval Orthodox Rus principalities with the ecclesiastic centre of Kyiv—formed part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Though multi-confessional and multi-ethnic, by the early seventeenth century, the retreat of Protestantism and Orthodoxy among the noble citizens who formed the Commonwealth's ruling elite, ensured that Roman Catholicism dominated its high politics and its institutions. The religious upheaval of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation spanned the Commonwealth and its Ruthenian lands, and the influx of values, concepts, mentalities and innovations associated with early modernity reformed Ruthenian Orthodox culture. After 1596, the formation of the Uniate Church, and the consequent outlawing of the Orthodox Church until 1632, posed fundamental questions concerning Ruthenian religious identity and a period of considerable confessional fluidity ensued.
In Ruthenian lands, Orthodox, Uniates, Catholics and Protestants competed for souls in a process that simultaneously strengthened confessional identities and stimulated the development of syncretic elements among them. Cultural hybridity became manifest in families, communities, and Ruthenian society as a whole. The focus on Ruthenian religious identity raised issues about the position of the Ruthenians within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and propositions were put forth to transform the commonwealth of two nations into a Commonwealth of Three Nations.
This conference is devoted to the political, religious and cultural re-visioning that fundamentally reordered the early modern Ruthenian world to accommodate the multiple cultural and historic forces that coalesced in the formation of personal, local, transcultural and ecumenical identities of Ruthenians. It explores how the Orthodox landscape formed by traditions derived from the past of Kyivan Rus was remapped to accommodate new political and ecclesiastical realities, and how the past was moulded and restaged in the invention of new traditions and identities.